Phrasal+Verbs

** ﻿ Definition of phrasal verbs** //Academic Word List // A phrasal verb is usually a verb followed by an adverb or a preposition. Sometimes, it also follows a form of a verb plus an adverb and a preposition. It creates a meaning different from the original verb. [1] The prepositions and adverbs used in phrasal verbs are called __particles__ because they do not change their original forms through inflections.

**Importance of phrasal verbs** Phrasal verbs play a significant role in both spoken and written contexts. Students who are very capable of manipulating phrasal verbs will express their ideas more clearly and vividly than those who are actually not. However, for those who learn English as a second language (ESL), there is a great need for them to clearly distinguish various meanings of certain phrasal verbs.

1. Anglo-Saxon origins: // go, come, run, walk, hop, skip, etc. // 2. Words indicate invitation or order: //invite, order, summon, let, etc. //3. “Empty verbs” ： //get, put, take, make, do, set,etc. //4. Verbs from monosyllabic adjectives : //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">dry, calm, cool, tidy //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">; <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 12pt; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">adjectives + suffix: //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">brighten, freshen, harden, frighten, fasten //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">etc. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">5. Verbs changed from monosyllabic nouns: //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">book, chalk, brick //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">, etc.6. Latin originated bisyllabic verbs: //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">contract, measure, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">level //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">, etc. __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">According to //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs, //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">there are 38 most commonly used verbs: ﻿ __ //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">break, bring, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">call, cast, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">come, cut, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">do, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">fall, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">get, give, go, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">hang, hold, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">keep, kick, knock, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">lay, lie, live ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">look, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">make, move, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">pass, play, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">pull, push, put, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">run, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">send, set, sit, stand, stay, stick, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">take, ////<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">talk, throw, turn // __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">According to //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs, //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> there are 48 prepositions and adverbs: __ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">aback, about, above, across, after, against, ahead, along, among, apart, around, as, aside, at, away, back <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">before, behind, below, beneath, between, beyond, by, for, forth, forward, from, // in, into of, off, on, onto <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">out, over, overboard, past, round, through, to, together, towards, under, up, upon, with, without <note: the six most frequently used particles are //up, out, off, in, on, down.// >
 * Essential knowledge leading to a better understanding of //Phrasal Verbs// **
 * Main verbs **

**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Structure of phrasal verbs **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">__v.+adv.__ Example: go out; get across
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">__v.+prep.__ Example: put aside; walk along
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">__v.+adv.+prep.__ Example: take up on; put up with

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Useful examples ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">1. Their attempt to explode the bridge didn’t come off. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0066ff; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">[vi.+adv.] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">2. The comedian didn’t get his jokes across. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0066ff; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">[vt.+adv.] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">3. A special committee is looking into this problem. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0066ff; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">[vi.+prep.] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">4. The Smiths had a hard time putting both of their sons through university. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0066ff; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">[vt.+prep] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">5. This material can stand up to both heat and pressure. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0066ff; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">[vi.+adv.+prep.] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">6. They filled me in on the latest developments. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0066ff; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">[vt.+adv.+prep.]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">1. Some phrasal verbs are transitive. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">à <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">They can be followed by an object. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">2. Some phrasal verbs are intransitive. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">à <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">They cannot be followed by an object. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">3. Some transitive phrasal verbs can be separable. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">à <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">The object is strictly placed between the verb and the preposition. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">4. Some transitive phrasal verbs can be inseparable. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">à <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">The object is strictly placed after the position. //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Particular case: // <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Some transitive phrasal verbs can be placed both before and after the preposition.
 * Distinct features ** [2] [[image:http_imgload[1].png width="202" height="207" align="right" caption="GREENERY"]]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**Diagrams showing the above-mentioned distinct features** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">(1) Would you please help me _ my garden this Saturday? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">A. look for B. look after C. look at D. look beyond
 * Exercises for further learning **
 * TYPE A**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">(2) The symposium on linguistics is _ next Tuesday. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">A. put off B. put on C. put in D. put away

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">(3) A taxi was _ at the intersection of the road, which caused temporary traffic jam. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">A. broken in B. broken off C. broken away D. broken down

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">(4) Please _ the lights when leaving the classroom. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">A. turn off B. turn in C. turn down D. turn over <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Answers: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">TYPE B ﻿ **
 * Fill in the following blanks with the given phrasal verbs and particles properly.[[image:2008111107[1].jpg width="234" height="213" align="right" caption="CAPOK TREE"]] **
 * You may associate the text with the four illustrations corresponding to each separate paragraph. **

bend, breathe (×2), go, lift, push, raise, stand away, back, down, in, out, up (×3)

<span style="display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">(1) ( Lift ) your chair( away ) to the side and stand up, making sure there is some space in front of you. ( Stand ) straight, with your arms hanging loosely by your side. (2) Breathe in deeply as you ( raise ) your arms ( up ) over your head. Pause a moment. (3) Then ( push ) slowly as you swing your arms forward, letting them fall as you ( bend ) your whole body ( down ) until your hands are near your feet. Pause a moment. (4) Then, ( breathe ) as you ( lift ) your body ( up ) very slowly, beginning with your hips, then your upper body, followed by your head and arms. (5) Repeat the exercise at least once before you ( go ) to your desk again. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">
 * When you have to spend a lot of time sitting at a desk, it is important to take short breaks and stretch your neck and back. You can use this exercise to help you stretch. ** [3]

Please click on __[|www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLeNRHBnpA]__ and you can watch an online introduction lesson of phrasal verbs. This online lesson lasts 11 miniutes, and was uploaded by JenniferESL on October 30th, 2009.
 * Learning Resources **

[1] [] [2] [] [3] []
 * References **

[] [] [] [] [] (Note: This website provides useful phrasal verbs. Every phrasal verb has a link which directs you to the meaning and example of it.)
 * External Links[[image:http_imgload[7].gif width="220" height="209" align="right" caption="PINK FLOWER"]] **