documentation

Documentation：Preparing the List of Works Cited (For Research Papers)
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**1. Definition﻿ **
Documentation is the action that if your paper build on the work of previous writers and researchers, you document each source, so that the earlier contributors receive credit and you avoid plagiarism. 

The point of documenting sources in academic papers is to demonstrate that you know what is going on in your field of study. It's also a courtesy to your readers because it helps them consult the material you've found. That's especially important for Internet sources. So mentioning what others have said doesn't lessen the credit you get for your own thinking—in fact, it adds to your credibility.(University of Toronto 1)

3.1. Purpose
nearly all research and academic papers build on previous research. researchers commomly begin a project by studying past work in the area and deriving relevant informantion and ideas from their predecessors. in presenting their work, researchers acknowledge their debts to predecessors by documenting each source, so that earlier contributions receive appropriate credit.(Gibaldi 140)

3.2.1. Definition
Plagiarism is using others’ ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information.To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use.

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3.2.2. How to Recognize Unacceptable and Acceptable Paraphrases ===== Here’s the original text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s

by Joyce Williams et al.



Here’s an UNACCEPTABLE paraphrase that is plagiarism:



<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub;">What makes this passage plagiarism? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub;">First, the writer has only changed around a few words and phrases, or changed the order of the original's sentences. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub;">Second, the writer has failed to cite a source for any of the ideas or facts.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub;">If you do either or both of these things, you are plagiarizing (Indiana University: Plagiarism ) <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">4.1. Quotation
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">Consider quoting a passage from one of your sources if any of the following conditions holds:


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">The language of the passage is particularly elegant or powerful or memorable.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">You wish to confirm the credibility of your argument by enlisting the support of an authority on your topic.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">The passage is worthy of further analysis.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">You wish to argue with someone else's position in considerable detail.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">Condition 3 is especially useful in essays for literature courses.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">If an argument or a factual account from one of your sources is particularly relevant to your paper but does not deserve to be quoted verbatim, consider


 * <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">**paraphrasing**the passage if you wish to convey the points in the passage at roughly the same level of detail as in the original


 * <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">**summarizing** the relevant passage if you wish to sketch only the most essential points in the passage

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">Note that most scientific writing relies on summary rather than quotation.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">(University of Toronto 2)

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: sub;">5.1. Different Styles



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==== <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">5.2 MLA Style <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th ed.) and the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (3rd ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page. (Gibaldi 143) ====

**<span style="color: #ff8100; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">6. Format of the List of Works Cited **
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: sub;">the list of works cited appears at the end of the paper. begin the list on a new page and number each page.center the title, works cited, an inch from the top of the page. double-space between the title and the first entry. begin each entry flush with the left margin.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: sub;">The format is as follows

 * =====<span style="color: #ff8100; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">**Name of Author. //Title of Book//. [Name of editor, translator or compiler.] [edition.] Location: Publisher, Year. [page numbers.]** ===== ||

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">//Works Cited Example//

 * ~ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: sub;">

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: sub;">
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">7.2. citing articles <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">﻿ or other publications in periodicals =====

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">Periodicals (e.g. magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journals) that appear in print require the same medium of publication designator—Print—as books, but the MLA Style method for citing these materials and the items required for these entries are quite different from MLA book citations.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">the basic format is as follows

<span style="color: #ff8100; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">Author(s). "Title of Article." //Title of Periodical// Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." //Time// 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71. Print.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; vertical-align: sub;">Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured Patients." //Washington Post// 24 May 2007: LZ01. Print.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: sub;">As an example from the following website



<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: sub;">The format should be like this : <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: sub;">contributors' names. "title of resource." the purdue OWL. purdue U Writing Lab, Last edited date. Web. Date of access.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: sub;">Russell, Tony, Allen Brizee, and Elizabeth Angeli. "MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The Purdue U Writing Lab, 4 Apr. 2010. Web. 20 July 2010 ( Russell et al. )

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">Margaret Procter. "How Not to Plagiarize. " University of Toronto's writing center: University of Totonto. Web. 3 June 2011 <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">(see also: 1.[] <span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">2.[])

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub;">Joseph Gibaldi.//MLA Handbook for Writers o////f Research Papers Sixth Edition.//New York:The Modern Languiage Assosiation of America,2003.Print.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub;">"Plagiarism: what it is and how to recognize and avoid it." //the Trustees of Indiana University//: Indiana University Bloomington.27 April.2004.Web.25 May.2011 (<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">see also:[] )

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: sub;">Tony Russell, Allen Brizee, Elizabeth Angeli and Russell Keck."MLA Formatting and Style Guide." //The Purdue Online Writing Lab//,4 Apr.2010.Web.25 May 2011 (<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">see also: [])

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